Life in the Sacrifices

When you think of the biblical sacrifices, what comes to your mind? In the simplest sense, I tend to think of an animal dying to appease God. You kill the animal, burn it, and God forgives your sin - isn't that the point of offerings? If you've been following along on my blog, then you know there's much more to understand from God's offertory system!

Last time, I wrote in detail about the role of death in the sacrifices. Jesus Christ's death is the death pictured by the sin offerings of the Old Covenant, and this is the most basic point of our understanding in our relationship with God: that Jesus had to die for our sins to be forgiven, so that we could be reconciled. But is the sacrificial system all about death?

Death in the Sacrifices

The history of Genesis 2-3 established firmly that death is the consequence and penalty of sin (Genesis 2:17 & 3:19). As the result of sin, the first human lives which God created would end - and, moreover, Adam and Eve had to be cast out of the presence of God, being banished from the Garden of Eden.

Having the entire bible before us and knowing much of the plan of God already, we may miss the gravity of this situation. If you were reading it for the first time, do you know how far you would have to read through the bible before God revealed that the FORGIVENESS of sins is possible or how it can take place? 

The 2 Types of Sin Offerings

After a two-part introduction on why we should study the offertory system (1, 2), I now want to kick off the series with a basic overview of the structure of the system and the primary purpose of each offering. The details of how to perform the 5 main offerings are presented in Leviticus 1-7, and this forms the core of the system. In this post and the next, I will give the main distinctive qualities of each offering and suggest both their Old and New Covenant significance. Also, I would like to present them in a different order than they appear in Leviticus, beginning with the sin offerings.

Offerings for Sin

The single biggest distinction in the different types of offerings is that 3 of them - the burnt, grain, and peace offerings - have nothing to do with sin! Only 2 of them - the sin offering and the guilt offering - deal with forgiveness. For this reason, those 3 are all described as "a sweet aroma to the LORD." Although it is God's great pleasure to extend mercy and grace to us when we have sinned and ask forgiveness, it is a sweet aroma to Him when we come before Him blameless to offer praise and worship. That is why, in order for one or more of these 3 sweet-aroma offerings to be given, one of the 2 types of sin offering was always made first: so that the offerer of the sweet aroma would come before God blameless, having been forgiven because of the sin offering, and the worship or praise would then be acceptable to God.

Why Study the Offerings? (Part 1)

The first 7 chapters of the book of Leviticus describe the main types of offerings that God commanded for Israel under the Old Covenant. Many more chapters throughout the law provide additional instruction. Why did God direct Moses to spend so much time writing about them? Do they have significance for God's people in modern times?

If I were to ask whether there are still sacrifices in the New Covenant, hopefully you would answer yes - with the sacrifice of Jesus Christ for our sins being the chief example. But did God devote so many chapters in the law and put so much ceremony into the daily lives of Israel for hundreds of years just so that we, two thousand years later, could give mere passing acknowledgement to this fulfillment in Christ? Moreover, is the sacrifice of Jesus Christ the entire substance of God's system of offerings? I hope to not only persuade, but to convict you otherwise!

The Priesthood of God

There are a few topics concerning how the laws of Leviticus relate to the New Covenant that I'd like to write about, and I've been mulling over exactly how to get started. I finally realized that some background information was needed about the priesthood in the New Covenant in order for it to really be effective. Moreover, I found this topic to be worthy of its own discussion anyway!

If I asked you whether there was a priesthood in the New Covenant, hopefully you would know that the answer is yes. But could you answer if I asked you why there is a priesthood in the New Covenant? Moreover, why did God command a priesthood for the Old Covenant? That first question has an definite and clear scriptural answer, which I'll review. The latter two questions, however, require some thinking on our part!

Arguments Against Tithing Debunked - Part 2 - Was Tithing Disannulled in Hebrews 7?

I would like to first answer the question as stated in the title of this article and then generalize the question to "is tithing disannulled anywhere in the New Covenant?" The reason for starting with this very specific argument about Hebrews 7 is that this is one place that anti-tithers harp on make an argument against tithing. Indeed, most of Christianity today uses Hebrews 7 as a "proof" that the "Old Covenant" law of God is no longer required - of course, they then pick and choose for themselves what they consider to be Old Covenant law! After a careful analysis of this chapter, I'll show in a broader sense that neither tithing nor any other part of the law of God has ever been "disannulled" in the sense that it is no longer in effect, as so many today want you to think.

For starters, let's review the anti-tithing argument in question. It goes as follows:

Hebrews 7 is the only place in the bible after Christ's death that tithing appears, and it refers to tithe as a commandment and law in verse 5. Then Hebrews 7:12 says that the law has changed because the priesthood has changed, and verse 18 says that the commandment is disannulled. Therefore, the commandment and law that are "disannulled" in Hebrews 7 are the laws of tithing, and Christians are no longer required to tithe like people did in the Old Covenant.

This is the argument that I'm going to now refute by examining Hebrews 7. Let's read through the chapter now to try to understand, from an objective standpoint, the context and purpose of the scriptures:

Hebrews 7:1-7
For this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all... remains a priest continually. Now consider how great this man was, to whom even the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the spoils. And indeed those who are of the sons of Levi, who receive the priesthood, have a commandment to receive tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brethren, though they have come from the loins of Abraham; but he whose genealogy is not derived from them received tithes from Abraham and blessed him who had the promises. 

The Old Covenant established the Levites as a tribe of priests and appointed them to receive the tithes from the rest of those under the covenant - the other 11 tribes of Israel. Is tithing the central issue here? No. Tithing is being used as a device to show that Melchizedek is greater than Abraham. Therefore, since Abraham is greater than Levi, Melchizedek is greater than Levi:

Hebrews 7:8-10
Now beyond all contradiction the lesser is blessed by the better. Here mortal men receive tithes, but there he receives them, of whom it is witnessed that he lives. Even Levi, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, so to speak, for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him. 

The sole purpose of mentioning tithes is to demonstrate that Melchizedek is greater than Levi since tithes are given from the lesser to the greater. Why is this relevant? What point is the author of Hebrews making? Keep reading for the answer.

Hebrews 7:11
Therefore, if perfection were through the Levitical priesthood (for under it people received the law), what further need was there that another priest should rise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not be called according to the order of Aaron?

Now it should become clear: the author of Hebrews is showing the insufficiency of the Levitical priesthood and the need for a greater priesthood. Now that we are in the proper mindset, we have come to the infamous verse 12, the verse that anti-tithers say "changes" the law of tithing:

Hebrews 7:12-17
For the priesthood being changed, of necessity there is also a change of the law. For He of whom these things are spoken belongs to another tribe, from which no man has officiated at the altar. For it is evident that our Lord arose from Judah, of which tribe Moses spoke nothing concerning priesthood. 

We have now come to the heart of the matter: Christ is a priest, but He did not come from the tribe of Levi - He was from the tribe of Judah. The law only allowed Levites to be priests. Therefore, what change of the law is being discussed? The law which states that only Levites can be priests! There is absolutely NO indication from the context that a change in tithing is being discussed! But we still have one more verse to go: the infamous "disanullment" in verse 18. Let's see what we make of that statement now that we understand the point that is being made:

Hebrews 7:15-18
And it is yet far more evident if, in the likeness of Melchizedek, there arises another priest who has come, not according to the law of a fleshly commandment, but according to the power of an endless life. For He testifies: "You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek." For on the one hand there is an annulling of the former commandment because of its weakness and unprofitableness, for the law made nothing perfect; on the other hand, there is the bringing in of a better hope, through which we draw near to God.

Notice that the "former commandment" was annulled "because of its weakness and unprofitableness," because Christ came as a priest "according to the power of an endless life" rather than "according to the power of a fleshly commandment." The fleshly commandment is, again, the one that states that only the sons of Aaron could be priests.

Now that we understand what Hebrews 7 is saying, let's answer the argument that I posed in the beginning. The only law or commandment that is specifically addressed for the purpose of being changed or annulled is the commandment that states that priests had to be from the tribe of Levi. It cannot in any way be construed as indictment of tithing in particular! The more general argument, which I also promised to address, is that of mainstream Christianity as a whole, which says that Hebrews 7:18 refers to an annulment of the entire Old Covenant law. Again, that is not what we have found - and I'll tell you precisely why.

First of all, consider the nature of the "change of the law" that is being made and the "annulment" that is taking place. The law states that only Levites could be priests. Christ was not a Levite, but, being a priest "according to the order of Melchizedek" and "according to the power of an endless life," He is a greater priest than any Levite. Therefore, the only "change" of the law is to allow for a greater priesthood - a priesthood that already existed before the Levitical priesthood commanded through Moses, since Melchizedek was identified as the "priest of the Most High God" hundreds of years before Levi was even born.

So what manner of "change" and "annulment" is this? Answer: it's a change that invalidates priesthood according to flesh and replaces it with priesthood according to the power of God. Has the law become weaker or stronger as a result? Stronger! Hebrews 7:18 itself says that this causes "the bringing in of a better hope, through which we draw near to God." Because the priesthood is now laid on a better foundation (its original foundation, in fact), we now have a better hope and are able to draw near to God in a way that was not possible before.

The conclusion of the first point is that the "change of the law" serves only to allow for a greater priesthood to take the place of the Levitical priesthood. My second point is that this is typical of the entire New Covenant. A true "annulment" of the law of the priesthood would state that there is no longer a priesthood - but this is totally false! Christ is a priest! He's the High Priest, actually, of a better priesthood. More generally, none of God's law has been "annulled" without being superseded by a better law that more fully captures God's spiritual intent of the law! For proof of this fact, one need look no further than the words of Christ:

Matthew 5:17-19
Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

Heaven and earth have not passed away - and neither has one word of God's law. Any "changes" are, as I stated, changes that uphold the spiritual intent of the law. Christ gave examples of these types of "changes" in the Sermon on the Mount: it's not sufficient to abstain from murder; rather, you can't even hate your brother in your heart. It's not sufficient to abstain from adultery; rather, you can't even look at a woman with lust. As a matter of fact, prophecy indicates that EXALTING the law was one of the purposes of the Messiah!

Isaiah 41:21
The LORD is well pleased for His righteousness’ sake; He will exalt the law and make it honorable.

In the King James, the word "exalt" is translated as "magnify." The Hebrew word, according to Strong's, means "to make great, to cause to grow, to magnify." Not only has God's law not been abolished, annulled, abrogated, or whatever fancy language you want to use to say that it is "done away" - the fact is, Christ came to reveal the true spirit of the law, which is even greater and more honorable than the letter of the law.

In conclusion, as I stated from the beginning: God's commandment to tithe is NOT specifically targeted in Hebrews 7. Furthermore, NONE of God's requirements have been weakened; rather, they have been magnified and made better, so that we might receive a better reward than in the Old Covenant. 

In view of this fact, regarding tithing in particular, it is easily seen that there is no way to get off the hook as far as tithing goes. God's law is magnified in the New Covenant, and that includes the laws of tithing! If you're still reading this, then you already know that I've said too much for one post - so perhaps I'll save the topic of how the laws of tithing are magnified for a future article.

My next post on debunking anti-tithing arguments will bring us to the next logical point, as I laid out in the Introduction: now that I've shown that tithing is still required by Christians, I will refute the notion that ministers in God's church are not qualified to receive tithes since they are not Levites.

Additionally, I think that at some point I would like to take a detour to explain what is meant by the "weakness and unprofitableness" of the Old Covenant. If it was so weak and unprofitable, why did God make the Israelites agree to it in the first place?

Passover: A Christian Observance

Jesus Christ was betrayed, tried, beaten, and put to death on Passover, which is why Christ is now called "Christ our Passover" in the New Testament (1 Corinthians 5:7). God planned it this way intentionally because Christ is not a "sacrifice for our sins" in some vague context: He is specifically the "Lamb of God" - the Passover Lamb. There were many types of sacrifices in the Old Covenant, so why did God choose the Passover sacrifice in particular to coincide with and represent the death of the Savior? Let's first take a look at the history of the Passover prior to Christ.

Becoming Like God

What is the goal of human existence? Reading through God's law, we find that God says to "be holy for I am holy." God is commanding us: "be like me! I've shown you what I am like - now be like me!"

This concept holds deep implications for our lives, particularly in how we treat others. With whatever authority you are given, whether within your family life, career, or local church, you should strive to handle your authority like God handles His authority.

If You Will Not Redeem Him

I tend to find that seemingly archaic and useless laws from the Old Covenant tend to have great depth of meaning if we will take the time to think about them and appreciate them. One such law was that the firstborn offspring of any livestock had to be either sacrificed to God or paid for by a sacrifice:

Exodus 34:19-20
All that open the womb are Mine, and every male firstborn among your livestock, whether ox or sheep.  But the firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb. And if you will not redeem him, then you shall break his neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem. And none shall appear before Me empty-handed.

Why did the donkey have to be redeemed instead of sacrificed like the ox or sheep?

Jesus Will Build the House for God’s Name

Recall from the previous snack that the book of Hebrews reveals that some of the prophecies concerning Solomon are also applicable to Christ. Of those that I examined, I’d now like to focus on 2 Samuel 7:13: “He is the one who will build a house for my Name.” Let’s notice first of all that Jesus referred to His own body as God’s temple when talking to the Pharisees:

John 2:19

Jesus answered them, “Destroy this temple, and I will raise it again in three days.”

7 Things Every Christian Should Know about the Day of Atonement

Tomorrow at sundown begins the Day of Atonement, the only day in the bible on which God commands His people to fast. This day has great significance for Christians today, and the following list contains just some of the important points that this festival of God represents.